- Pros: None
- Cons: Rapid elimination (Half-life of 5-10 minutes); Partial adrenergic receptor agonism (Partial agonism = receptor antagonism in the presence of endogenous epinephrine or norepinephrine)
- Reference:
- (1) http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=129471983&page=1
2. N-Methyltyramine
- Pros: None
- Cons: Directly inhibits lipolysis; Converts to tyramine (primary human metabolite); Rapid elimination (Half life of ~5 minutes); Sympatholytic with chronic use; No CNS penetration
- References:
- (1) http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=135195431&page=1
- (2) http://hightowerpharmacology.blogspot.com/2011/06/new-stimulant-n-methyltyramine.html
- (3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21336650
- (4) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oximed/2011/482973/
3. Tyramine
- Pros: None
- Cons: Minimal bioavailability in the presence of gut lumen MAO; Converts to a false neurotransmitter (receptor antagonism) - sympatholytic with chronic supplementation; Strong pressor effect with acute supplementation; Short half life (30 minutes); Depletes vesicular catecholamines; Competitively inhibits catecholamine beta-hydroxylase; No CNS penetration
4. Para-Synephrine ("Synephrine")
- Pros: Elimination half-life of 2-3 hours
- Cons: No CNS penetration; 1000 times less activity than norepinephrine on the alpha adrenoreceptor; 40,000 times less activity than norepinephrine on the beta-1 adrenoreceptor
- References:
- (1) http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/bitterorange.pdf
- (2) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oximed/2011/482973/
5. 3,3'-Diiodo-L-Thyronine
- Pros: Can help manage hyperthyroidism
- Cons:Less than 3% of the calorigenic activity of T4; No increase in BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) en vivo; Decreases circulating levels of T4
- References: http://endo.endojournals.org/content/64/1/62.short
6. 3,5-Diiodo-L-Thyronine
- Pros: Can help manage hyperthyroidism
- Cons: Goitrogenic (Directly suppresses the thyroid gland); Less than 3% of the calorigenic activity of T4; No increase in BMR en vivo; Decreases circulating levels of TSH
- References:
- (1) http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/64/1/62
- (2) 3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) has selective thyromimetic effects in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Molecular Endocrinolog (1997) 19, 137-147
7. Hordenine
- Pros: Weak competitive inhibition of MAO-B
- Cons: Minimal bioavailability; Elimination half-life of 20-30 minutes; No CNS penetration
8. Phenylethylamine
- Pros: Transient high
- Cons: Rapidly metabolised (Half-life of 5-10 minutes); No direct receptor agonism; Sympatholytic with chronic supplementation; Competitive inhibitor of beta-hydroxylase
I'm more interested in what you prefer to use, if anything, for stimulation.
ReplyDeleteFor direct stimulation: Ephedrine
ReplyDeleteEnergy/releasing: 1,3-DMAA
Time for an update, now that 1,3 is essentially gone...
ReplyDelete